Tuesday, June 30, 2009

What is an assembly?

An assembly is a reusable, versionable, self-describing deployment unit for types and resources it is the primary building block of a .NET application. Assemblies provide the infrastructure to allow the runtime to fully understand the contents of an application and to enforce the versioning and dependency rules defined by the application.
An assembly consists of the following two logical elements:
The sets of types and resources that form some logical unit of functionality.
A manifest which is the metadata that describes how the types and resources relate and what they depend on to work properly.

Monday, June 29, 2009

How do I dynamically resolve assemblies, types, and resources?

The assembly resolution is controlled by the configuration properties for the application domain such as System.AppDomainSetup.ApplicationBase. The configuration properties may not be sufficient in some hosting scenarios, especially if the host is creating assemblies in memory on the fly using Reflection Emit, since there may not be an assembly on disk to find. In such cases, you can use the System.AssemblyResolve event to hook into the type loading process.
The AssemblyResolve event is defined as follows:
public event ResolveEventHandler AssemblyResolve
where System.ResolveEventHandler is defined as follows:
public delegate Assembly ResolveEventHandler(Object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
The args parameter to ResolveEventHandler is the identity of the assembly the runtime is seeking. The receipient of the event is free to resolve the reference to the assembly by any means. For example, the receipient may construct an assembly on the fly, find it in a custom location on disk, etc. The only requirement is that the receipient return a instance of System.Reflection.Assembly.

Contrast DTDs versus XSDs. What are their similarities and differences? Which is preferred and why?

Document Type Definition (DTD) describes a model or set of rules for an XML document. XML Schema Definition (XSD) also describes the structure of an XML document but XSDs are much more powerful.
The disadvantage with the Document Type Definition is it doesn’t support data types beyond the basic 10 primitive types. It cannot properly define the type of data contained by the tag.
An Xml Schema provides an Object Oriented approach to defining the format of an xml document. The Xml schema support most basic programming types like integer, byte, string, float etc., We can also define complex types of our own which can be used to define a xml document.
Xml Schemas are always preferred over DTDs as a document can be more precisely defined using the XML Schemas because of its rich support for data representation.

Sunday, June 28, 2009

Where do you add an event handler?

It's the Attributesproperty, the Add function inside that property.
e.g. btnSubmit.Attributes.Add(""onMouseOver"",""someClientCode();"")

Saturday, June 27, 2009

What are jagged array ?

First lets us answer the question that what an array is?
The dictionary meaning of array is an orderly arrangement or sequential arrangement of elements.
In computer science term:
An array is a data structure that contains a number of variables, which are accessed through computed indices. The variables contained in an array, also called the elements of the array, are all of the same type, and this type is called the element type of the array.
An array has a rank that determines the number of indices associated with each array element. The rank of an array is also referred to as the dimensions of the array. An array with a rank of one is called a single-dimensional array. An array with a rank greater than one is called a multi-dimensional array. Specific sized multidimensional arrays are often referred to as two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional arrays, and so on.
Now let us answer What are jagged arrays?
A jagged array is an array whose elements are arrays. The elements of jagged array can be of different dimensions and sizes. A jagged array is sometimes called as “array-of-arrays”. It is called jagged because each of its rows is of different size so the final or graphical representation is not a square.
When you create a jagged array you declare the number of rows in your array. Each row will hold an array that will be on any length. Before filling the values in the inner arrays you must declare them.
Jagged array declaration in C#:
For e.g. : int [] [] myJaggedArray = new int [3][];
Declaration of inner arrays:

myJaggedArray[0] = new int[5] ; // First inner array will be of length 5.
myJaggedArray[1] = new int[4] ; // Second inner array will be of length 4.
myJaggedArray[2] = new int[3] ; // Third inner array will be of length 3.
Now to access third element of second row we write:
int value = myJaggedArray[1][2];
Note that while declaring the array the second dimension is not supplied because this you will declare later on in the code.
Jagged array are created out of single dimensional arrays so be careful while using them. Don’t confuse it with multi-dimensional arrays because unlike them jagged arrays are not rectangular arrays.

Friday, June 26, 2009

If you define integer variable and a object variable and a structure then how those will be plotted in memory.

Integer , structure – System.ValueType -- Allocated memory on stack , infact integer is primitive type recognized and allocated memory by compiler itself .
Infact , System.Int32 definition is as follows :
[C#]
[Serializable]
public struct Int32 : IComparable, IFormattable, IConvertible
So , it’s a struct by definition , which is the same case with various other value types .
Object – Base class , that is by default reference type , so at runtime JIT compiler allocates memory on the “Heap” Data structure .
Reference types are defined as class , derived directly or indirectly by System.ReferenceType

Thursday, June 25, 2009

What is a delegate, why should you use it and how do you call it ?

A delegate is a reference type that refers to a Shared method of a type or to an instance method of an object. Delegate is like a function pointer in C and C++. Pointers are used to store the address of a thing. Delegate lets some other code call your function without needing to know where your function is actually located. All events in .NET actually use delegates in the background to wire up events. Events are really just a modified form of a delegate.
It should give you an idea of some different areas in which delegates may be appropriate:
 They enable callback functionality in multi-tier applications as demonstrated in the examples above.
 The CacheItemRemoveCallback delegate can be used in ASP.NET to keep cached information up to date. When the cached information is removed for any reason, the associated callback is exercised and could contain a reload of the cached information.
 Use delegates to facilitate asynchronous processing for methods that do not offer asynchronous behavior.
 Events use delegates so clients can give the application events to call when the event is fired. Exposing custom events within your applications requires the use of delegates.

Wednesday, June 24, 2009

What's the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?

A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

What's the difference between const and readonly?

The readonly keyword is different from the const keyword. A const field can only be initialized at the declaration of the field. A readonly field can be initialized either at the declaration or in a constructor. Therefore, readonly fields can have different values depending on the constructor used. Also, while a const field is a compile-time constant, the readonly field can be used for runtime constants as in the following example:
public static readonly uint l1 = (uint) DateTime.Now.Ticks;

Monday, June 22, 2009

What is hiding in CSharp ?

Hiding is also called as Shadowing. This is the concept of Overriding the methods. It is a concept used in the Object Oriented Programming.

E.g.
public class ClassA {
public virtual void MethodA() {
Trace.WriteLine("ClassA Method");
}
}

public class ClassB : ClassA {
public new void MethodA() {
Trace.WriteLine("SubClass ClassB Method");
}
}

public class TopLevel {
static void Main(string[] args) {
TextWriter tw = Console.Out;
Trace.Listeners.Add(new TextWriterTraceListener(tw));

ClassA obj = new ClassB();
obj.MethodA(); // Outputs “Class A Method"

ClassB obj1 = new ClassB();
obj.MethodA(); // Outputs “SubClass ClassB Method”
}
}